Infographics / Digital Radiography

Radiographic Film Construction & Emulsion

Left: a cross-section of double-emulsion (duplitized) film showing, from outside in, a protective supercoat, a silver-halide-in-gelatin emulsion, an adhesive layer and the polyester base, then a mirror-image adhesive, emulsion and supercoat on the other side. Right: a magnified silver halide grain where an x-ray or light photon frees an electron from a halide ion; the electron is trapped at a sensitivity speck, where a silver ion is reduced to a neutral silver atom to form the latent image.

Construction of radiographic film and latent-image formation Left: a cross-section of double-emulsion (duplitized) film showing, from outside in, a protective supercoat, a silver-halide-in-gelatin emulsion, an adhesive layer and the polyester base, then a mirror-image adhesive, emulsion and supercoat on the other side. Right: a magnified silver halide grain where an x-ray or light photon frees an electron from a halide ion; the electron is trapped at a sensitivity speck, where a silver ion is reduced to a neutral silver atom to form the latent image. Radiographic film: layered construction and latent-image formation Cross-section of film Supercoat (protective) Emulsion (silver halide grains in gelatin) Adhesive layer Base (polyester) Adhesive layer Emulsion Supercoat Emulsion on both sides ⇒ double-emulsion (duplitized) — the typical film construction. Latent-image formation x-ray or light photon Ag⁺ Br⁻ Ag⁺ Br⁻ Ag⁺ Br⁻ e⁻ sensitivity speck (electron trap): Ag⁺ + e⁻ → Ag⁰ (latent-image centre) Silver halide = AgBr (+ trace AgI sensitiser) crystals held in a gelatin binder. Exposure frees electrons from halide ions; specks trap them, reducing Ag⁺ → Ag⁰ (latent image). Fixer dissolves unexposed silver halide; larger grains → faster but grainier film.

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